Free Essays on Dropping the Atomic Bomb

Dropping the Atomic Bomb On August 6, 1945 the nuclear bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The Enola Gay, directed by Colonel Tibbetts, was picked to make the mission. The strategic recorded as fruitful by Capt. William S. Parson at 9:20 A.M. This was an incredibly questionable military methodology in the United States. Was the United States legitimized in the dropping of the nuclear bomb? Indeed, they were legitimized for some reasons. The essential explanation was, that it would stop the war. Can any anyone explain why this war should have been halted so gravely? Despite the fact that somehow or another it was helping our economy, it was exorbitant in both cash and lives. Likewise, the United States troopers were experiencing cruel treatment by the unmerciful Japanese. Another explanation the war should have been halted was to guard ourselves from another assault on U.S. soil, which thusly would slaughter huge numbers of our U.S. residents. This is the reason the war should have been halted ; accordingly, advocating the utilization of the nuclear bomb. World War II was the costliest war ever, as far as lives lost. No precise figures exist, yet around somewhere in the range of 15 and 20 million military staff were murdered. Of these, 292,000 were Americans and 6,000 honest United States residents were killed by our adversaries. It has been assessed that if the United States had not dropped the bomb and had attacked Japan rather, the United States would have lost around a million fighters. The Japanese self-destructive battling procedures extraordinarily affected this number. The Japanese would prefer to kick the bucket than give up. This is shown by the skirmish of Saipan. At this fight over portion of the number of inhabitants in Saipan strolled off a precipice as opposed to giving up to the United States. This was frequently compelling. Commonly when a Japanese trooper chose to explode himself as opposed to giving up he would slaughter numerous Americans with a simila r impact. Likewise the kamikaze procedures of the Japanese contenders slaughtered numerous fighters. In the event that this wa... Free Essays on Dropping the Atomic Bomb Free Essays on Dropping the Atomic Bomb Dropping the Atomic Bomb On August 6, 1945 the nuclear bomb was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The Enola Gay, guided by Colonel Tibbetts, was picked to make the mission. The strategic recorded as fruitful by Capt. William S. Parson at 9:20 A.M. This was an amazingly disputable military methodology in the United States. Was the United States legitimized in the dropping of the nuclear bomb? Truly, they were legitimized for some reasons. The essential explanation was, that it would stop the war. How can it be that this war should have been halted so gravely? Despite the fact that somehow or another it was helping our economy, it was exorbitant in both cash and lives. Additionally, the United States troopers were experiencing cruel treatment by the unmerciful Japanese. Another explanation the war should have been halted was to shield ourselves from another assault on U.S. soil, which thusly would murder a significant number of our U.S. residents. This is the reason the war should have been halted; al ong these lines, supporting the utilization of the nuclear bomb. World War II was the costliest war ever, regarding lives lost. No accurate figures exist, however around somewhere in the range of 15 and 20 million military faculty were executed. Of these, 292,000 were Americans and 6,000 honest United States residents were killed by our adversaries. It has been evaluated that if the United States had not dropped the bomb and had attacked Japan rather, the United States would have lost around a million troopers. The Japanese self-destructive battling methodologies extraordinarily affected this number. The Japanese would prefer to pass on than give up. This is exhibited by the skirmish of Saipan. At this fight over portion of the number of inhabitants in Saipan strolled off a precipice as opposed to giving up to the United States. This was frequently powerful. Commonly when a Japanese trooper chose to explode himself as opposed to giving up he would murder numerous Americans with a si milar impact. Likewise the kamikaze methods of the Japanese contenders executed numerous fighters. On the off chance that this wa...

Lynch essays

Lynch expositions Mulholland Drive is where dreams and bad dreams meet. What do a yearning entertainer, a wonderful more unusual, a disappointed movie chief, a vile cattle rustler, a dirty professional killer, and a terrifying magician all share practically speaking? They are for the most part the key characters in ace religion executive David Lynchs freshest spine chiller. The film is obscurely delightful, mixing a brain bowing secret with the perfect measure of sensuality to keep watchers viewing, salivating, and needing for additional. Set in present day Los Angeles, the film starts by presenting Betty. Shes come right from Deep River, Ontario, looking for fame and popularity in Hollywood. Betty, being both youthful and gullible, becomes friends with a total more peculiar who seeked cover in her loft after a fender bender. The outsider can't recall that anything that happened to her before the auto collision so she chooses to pass by the name of Rita, until she discovers her actual personality. In the interim, Adam Kesher is throwing the female lead job for his next picture. Everything is by all accounts inside his control until a mystery association and an evil cattle rustler start compelling him into throwing their preferred lady. As the film advances, Betty and Rita wind up in an enthusiastic yet risky relationship while Adam battles with death dangers and disarray. Before sufficiently long, Betty, Rita, and Adam wind up lost in an undesirable, corruptive, and here and there fanciful world... also called Hollywo od. To begin with, I should remark on the acting and bearing of this image. Mulholland Drive is Australian on-screen character Naomi Watts first American film and what a breakout execution she gives! For seventy five percent of the film she perfectly plays the youthful, wannabe entertainer lost in a world so unfamiliar to her. Without parting with an amazing unexpected development, lets simply state that during the last half-hour of the film her character out of nowhere rockets into an oppos ... <! Lynch articles Lost Highway: Interpreted yet Never Explained The motivation behind this exposition is to clarify the psychoanalytic and postmodern standards depicted in the David Lynch film Lost Highway. His works are, generally, non-direct, silly, disorderly and passionate. Lynch takes the crudeness of human schizophrenia and endeavors to make a reality where everything occurs simultaneously. His visuals are an inner mind storm that inspire instead of render a solid story. With this obliteration of story there is likewise the decimation of the meta-account. Lynch makes an object of a story instead of the story itself. The formation of this decimation requires there to be a psychological story, and like most stories in writing or film they are deciphered as opposed to told. The story is individual, and decoded by the person. It isn't entire, and the feeling of fulfillment is lost on paper and screen; just to be recuperated by the crowd. To decimate the meta-story a meta-account must be made. When the meta-story that crushes is made it is utilized as an article as opposed to a meta-account. Lynch makes this obscureness through depicting dreams as a sub-cognizant stream, and having practically the entirety of the discourse conveyed in his motion pictures in a kind of dynamic subtext. By dynamic subtext I mean the lines are utilized to explicitly inspire subtext instead of convey the story forward with clear exchange. In Lost Highway, covering a few thoughts in a single measurement is various. Fred Madison, depicted by Bill Pulman, is a run of the mill (yet horrendously confused) noir screw-up. He has been overwhelmed by overabundance sex, savagery, and gloom in the non-straight bad dream universe of a sexist schizophrenic. The film utilizes a few Oedipal subjects, however they are over shadowed by the multifaceted nature of Fred Madisons disturbed life. His difficulties are reflect like. A self-reflection prepared with modern measured s... <!

Understanding the Acid Trip Experience

Understanding the Acid Trip Experience Addiction Drug Use Hallucinogens Print Understanding the Acid Trip Experience By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 19, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 21, 2019 More in Addiction Drug Use Hallucinogens Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Getting high on acid (LSD)  is also known as an acid trip or psychedelic experience and is technically termed LSD intoxication. During this period of intoxication, users experience a wide variety of effects, most often visual and other sensory distortions, changes to thought processes, intense emotions, including euphoria, and occasionally for some people, surprising new insights. An acid trip is a lengthy process, typically lasting 8 to 12 hours.?? With the distortions in time perception that occur as an effect of the drug, the experience can feel much longerâ€"some say they feel like it could last forever. This can be highly enjoyable when the mood of the user and those around is buoyant or contented, but extremely unsettling when moods are low and thoughts take a somber or even macabre turn. Verywell / Jessica Olah Why Do People Take Acid Trips? LSD is typically used for recreational and social reasons more than for self-medication. However, some people believe that the effects of hallucinogens help them  gain insight into themselves, their lives, and the nature of the universe, and even that it helps them to access greater awareness of spirituality. Unpredictability is the name of the game. Chronic LSD users embrace exploring the unknown  and the sense of excitement of  not knowing what will happen next. However, people who dislike unpredictability may find the experience of tripping on acid scaryâ€"even if nothing overly frightening happensâ€"simply because of the profound distortions in perception and thought that occurs.?? If you like to know what to expect, you probably wont enjoy tripping and should stay away from LSD and other hallucinogens. LSD can trigger a variety of mental health problems and can trigger feelings of spiritual alienation as well as spiritual awareness. Good Trip and a Bad Trip Differences Most people who take acid are hoping for  and expecting a good trip. The experience of being on acid is often described as dream-like, so one way of understanding the difference between a good trip and a bad trip is to equate it with the difference between a good dream and a nightmare. A good trip can feel pleasantâ€"the world can seem beautiful, life can seem wonderful, human interactions can seem deep and meaningful. In contrast, a bad trip can bring overwhelming feelings of fearâ€"the world can seem harsh, cold, and ugly, life can seem painful, people can seem superficial and cruel. The emotions that accompany an acid trip, whether good or bad, can seem overwhelming, difficult to control, and as if they will never go away. While this experience can be pleasant if the trip is going well, a bad trip is  unpleasant and frightening for the person going through it as well as for  those around. There can be a fear of going crazy or losing ones mind, as well as intense feelings of paranoia. These feelings can seem unbearable and the person may even have temporary suicidal feelings, although death by suicide is rare in people who are high on acid. It may be helpful to reassure someone who is experiencing a bad trip that you are there for them, that they  are not going crazy, just that they are experiencing the effects of acid, and that they are safe and nobody is out to get them. Visual Distortions and Hallucinations Distortions to the way that you see things is a hallmark of the LSD experience.?? Visual distortions can take a variety of formsâ€"for example, some appear like an overlay or outline of geometric or swirling patterns, others are described as a change in the perceived size or shape of objects. Others can best be described as  static objects appearing to move, such as walls appearing to breathe. Sensory perceptions can get mixed up, resulting in synesthesia. Synesthesia occurs when stimuli that are typically perceived through one sense are perceived through another, such as seeing sounds, or hearing smells. Hallucinations are sensory experiences that seem real when they are not. These commonly happen during an acid trip. They  may come and go in an instant. They could include: Auditory hallucinations (hearing things that arent there)Tactile hallucinations (feeling things that are not there)Olfactory hallucinations  (smelling things that are not there)Gustatory hallucinations (tasting things that are not there). However, visual distortions are by far the most commonly reported type of sensory distortion from LSD. You can imagine how confusing it is to be surrounded by several types of visual distortions at once. Although people on acid are generally aware that what they are seeing and feeling is part of the drug experience, it can nonetheless  be difficult to clearly differentiate between what is real and what is not real. Usually, people on acid can go with the flow and ride out the visual distortions, which usually get more intense during the first couple hours of the trip, then get less intense for the remaining six or so hours. But sometimes people under the influence of LSD panic, are frightened by what they are seeing, or react inappropriately to their surroundings. It is important for someone in this state not to go off on their own, as they can be prone to accidents and misadventure, sometimes leading to injury or even death. Changes in Thought Processes LSD typically changes the way people feel about themselves, other people, and the world, and this can happen in positive or negative ways.?? How a given individual will be affected is extremely unpredictable. No one takes LSD hoping or expecting to have a bad trip. Although some accept the possibility as a risk worth taking, others do not believe it will happen to them until it does. Many acid users believe that having had some good trips, they wont have a bad trip. When a bad trip occurs, it can be a blow to a persons self-esteem. Many drug users pride themselves on being able to handle the effects of drugs or think that enjoying drugs like acid is an indicator of a strong or good personality. The changes that people experience in their feelings about themselves while on LSD is often described as a breakdown of their ego, or sense of self. Previously held beliefs about who you are and what matters to you can shift temporarily or permanently. This is sometimes described positively. People may become more understanding of the plight of others, get in touch with inner strengths, or feel more spiritually connected or enlightened. But the breakdown of the ego can equally be described negatively. People may feel their life is meaningless, that the world is heartless, or that the human race is a ship of fools, and this can be profoundly alienating and depressing. Occasionally, these feelings can lead to suicidal or destructive impulses. It is very important to keep a person who is high on acid in a safe, secure environment until the effects of the drug wear off. Always call 911 if someone who seems to be having a bad trip goes off on their own, or is in a potentially dangerous environment, for example, if they are able to access heights, bridges, railroads, or heavy traffic. LSD can lead to serious errors in judgment. Side Effects of LSD Intoxication Many of the effects described above could be viewed as side effects of LSD intoxication if the intention of the person taking it was just a party buzz. Other documented negative effects of acid use are thought to be a result of the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Common Side Effects Increased heart rate Raised blood pressure Excessive sweating Serious Side Effects Hyperthermia (dangerously high body temperature that can lead to muscle and kidney damage) Dehydration Risks to personal safety A dangerously raised body temperature, a condition is known as hyperthermia, can occur. There have been a few reported cases of rhabdomyolysis, a condition in which muscles break down and can cause kidney damage, during LSD intoxication. These are medical risks that potential users should be aware of.?? Coming Down From  an Acid Trip Acid trips tend to be quite tiring, and yet it may be difficult to eat or sleep, even during the latter stages of the trip. If the drug was taken in the evening, it is likely that the person will be awake all night, and well into the following day. If it is was taken in the morning, users may continue to feel alerted well into the night. Although the hallucinations, delusions, and other effects of the drug gradually wear off, and normality returns, it is important to stay physically and psychologically healthy, as trips can turn bad even at the end. As the drug can cause excessive sweating, it is important to take in adequate fluid, without drinking so much plain water you risk water intoxication. It is a good idea to avoid caffeine, alcohol, and other substances which can impair your mood and mental state. Food, when it can be tolerated, adequate fluid, and the company of calm, familiar, non-judgemental people can all help with easing the process of coming down from an acid trip. Relaxing and listening to soothing music can be pleasant and ease the transition to reality. Sleep is important, so winding down and going to bed when able to sleep will help. Addiction to Acid Most people who take acid do so only occasionally, and many people are put off from taking the drug again after they have a bad trip. Tolerance to LSD develops very quickly, to the extent that users may not experience intoxication if they take the drug on successive days. Unlike most other recreational drugs, withdrawal has not been established for LSD. Rates of addiction among users of acid are lower than users of other drugs, with fewer than 0.1 percent  of the adult population meets the criteria for other hallucinogen use disorder. However, the risk of developing an addiction to hallucinogens may be higher for people who start taking the drug during adolescence. There are other long-term effects that can occur after taking acid, which indicates that it is not a safe drug to use. The unpredictability of the drug, even on experienced users, partly explains why people do not continue to use the drug on a long-term basis, although it can become one of many drugs that poly-drug users, people who take many different drugs, use along with other intoxicating drugs. A Word From Verywell The effects of taking acid dont always go away immediately when the drug wears off. People who have good experiences often feel it has improved their understanding of themselves, other people, or life, and describe this perspective as life-changing. Substance-induced mood disorder, substance-induced anxiety disorder, and flashbacks or hallucinogen persistent perception disorder are treatable conditions that can occur after taking acid.?? If you suffer from any of these symptoms, see your doctor for help.

Annotated Bibliography of Articles about the American Culture

The authors purpose Philip DeVita and James Armstrong, the authors of this collection, decided to produce this work for the purpose of understanding ourselves (the title of the introductory remarks). They start by pointing out the remarkable freshness Alexis de Tocquevilles observation of America in the mid-19th century offered at the time. They note that concerns for understanding the other have always interested anthropologists. And this collection, as they argue, is an attempt to understand America as the other by looking at American culture, society, politics, intellectual traditions, and attitudes from the perspectives of outsiders. DeVita and Armstrong emphasize that it is hard for a social scientist to fully understand the uniqueness and strangeness of ones culture. Growing up within the culture means accepting ones cultural assumptions for granted. Being closed to the perspectives only outsiders might have, those who grow up in American culture fail to ask the kind of questions that may reveal more about America. And this is where, DeVita and Armstrong argue, the essay collection comes in. They asked anthropologists from numerous Western and non-Western countries to share their experiences of living, observing, and understanding American culture and society. These outsiders express their wonder and critical insight for understanding aspects of American life Americans normally would not otherwise see on their own. Finally, the authors note they wantShow MoreRelatedShhh Essay2170 Words   |  9 Pages Summer Session 3 (2012) Summary: Is Popular Culture Good for You? 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Snowden, Lonnie R, Barriers toRead MoreSummary Of Alien Nation : Common Sense About America s Immigration Disaster1317 Words   |  6 PagesAnnotated bibliography Reflection paper Brimelow, Peter. Alien nation: common sense about America’s immigration disaster. (1995). This article talks about immigration and its consequences in America. In addition to this, the paper talks about the reasons behind the ballooning level of immigrants in amerce. Some of the reasons that the article outlines include; search for better employment in the US as they fear their nations which have low levels of employment, escape war from their nationsRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography: Segregated Schools794 Words   |  3 PagesStudent first and last names Course title and number Professors name Due date Annotated Bibliography Segregated Schools Nappen, Louis P. Why Segregated Schools for Gay Students May Pass a Separate but Equal Analysis but Fail Other Issues and Concerns. 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Fast food has spread all over France, and it is the second country with the largest fast food consumer. It is very surprising to see an European country as the second largest fast food consumer due to the different culture they have. And with that, I have to say that globalization has affected France. United States has passed their eating habits and surprisingly all the inhabitants have accept the concept pretty good. Fast food is in demand due to how easy and fastRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography of Articles on the Cultura l Significance of Tattooing448 Words   |  2 PagesCulturally Significant and Contemporarily Popular Skin Art (Annotated Bibliography) Reed, Carrie E. (2000). Tattoo in Early China. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 120(3) 360-377. Author Carrie Read reports on ancient tattooing in China, beginning with the Tang dynasty (618-907). Barbarians tattooed their bodies according to tribal beliefs and slaves were tattooed as punishment, Read explains (361). In the Kirghiz culture women tattooed the nape of the neck to indicate marital statusRead MoreFood And Cuisine And Culture Throughout The World1452 Words   |  6 PagesThe meaning and use of food/cuisine culture throughout the world Introduction Gastronomy is a broad word pertaining to the study of food and culture. When one takes a step back to examine as to why food is or isn’t consumed, when it is or isn’t consumed, you see that all foods carry some sort of meaning that is often symbolic. In this annotated bibliography I will be looking at five sources that explain some symbolic meanings and uses of food. By looking at gastronomic themes such as: The basicRead MoreCultural Aspects Of The Book The Watsons 1323 Words   |  6 Pagesprovide details that accurately show what a cultural is like. We want to be accurate in our depictions of these different cultures so that our children will be educated. It also teaches our students how to be open and loving to those of other cultures. I have really enjoyed being exposed to these different cultures and look forward to using them in my new classroom. Annotated Bibliography Curtis, Christopher Paul. (1995). The Watsons Go to Burmingham—1963. New York, NY: Delacourte. Curtis’ The WatsonsRead MoreA Candidate For The Ed.d833 Words   |  4 Pagescomparative literature department scholarship (spring, fall 2015). †¢ Concentration: how speakers’ different L1 backgrounds affect the quality of their L2 grammar productions. †¢ Thesis:â€Å"An Analysis of Production Frequency of English Definite and Indefinite Articles and Associated Syntactic Patterns in a Corpus of Native Korean Speakers†. CUNY-Queens College, Flushing, New York, USA [September 2010-May, 2013]

1.1 Func Assessments Essays - 3571 Words

Level Three and Four Awards and Certificates in Assessment and Internal Quality Assurance of Assessment Unit 1: Understanding the principles and practices of assessment – Indicative Content This unit is for those who wish to gain an understanding of the principles and practices of assessment before they begin to practically assess where their job role does not require them to assess. Title Understanding the principles and practices of assessment – This is a knowledge based unit which gives anyone who is interested in or needs to know about assessment and quality assurance the opportunity to acquire knowledge about the roles involved in this area of learning and development. Scope of the unit Those who undertake this unit will have a†¦show more content†¦Level Three and Four Awards and Certificates in Assessment and Internal Quality Assurance of Assessment 1.4. Identify the regulations and requirements relevant to assessment in own area of practice (Macro to micro general bodies like Ofqual, SSC etc and then those relevant to specific areas of practice and learning and development contexts). Regulatory bodies of standards, for exampleShow MoreRelatedLessons Learned from Implementing an Electronic Records Management System7654 Words   |  31 Pagesplanning of an electronic Document and Records Management System (eDRMS) August 2010 Document details Security Classification Authority Author Document Status Version PUBLIC Queensland State Archives Queensland State Archives Final Version Version 1.1 Contact for enquiries All enquiries regarding this document should be directed to: Manager, Policy and Research Unit Queensland State Archives 07 3131 7777 info@archives.qld.gov.au www.archives.qld.gov.au Copyright Guideline for the planningRead MoreEssay on The Effect of Climate Change on Maritime Zones2018 Words   |  9 PagesThe Fourth IPCC Assessment Report shows high confidence that the world is warming. Small island countries, developing countries and Least Developed countries remain most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. For countries like the Marshall Island, with atoll islands situated just a few meters high from sea level, any uncontrolled sea-level rise has the potential to submerge land areas. Furthermore, climate change impacts could include increased tropical cyclone activities and coastal erosionRead MoreHsc General Math Textbook with Answers153542 Words   |  615 PagesUniversity Press does not guarantee the accuracy of such information thereafter. Student CD-ROM licence Please see the file ‘licence.txt’ on the Student CD-ROM that is packed with this book. . Introduction vii Ackno ledgements Acknowledgements Chapter 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 viii iii 1 Credit and borrowing Flat-rate loans 1 Home loan repayments 8 Comparing loans Comparing loans 13 Credit cards 17 Reducing balance loans 22 Chapter summary t 29 Multiple choice questions ultiple-choice questions 30Read MoreManaging the International Value Chain in the Automotive Industry60457 Words   |  242 Pages(2004): Internationales Wertschà ¶pfungsmanagement. Vahlen, Munich, 2004. 29 Glocal value creation in the Volkswagen Group Moving toward greater decentralization of production and development 1. The Volkswagen Group’s new global strategy 1.1 Strategy 2018: Competitor Toyota as the standard 1.2 Benchmarking with Toyota 31 31 32 35 35 37 38 40 40 43 45 48 2 The configuration of production activities within the Volkswagen Group 2.1 Highly decentralized production activities

The Harlem Renaissance is a convenient metaphor Free Essays

The Harlem Renaissance is a convenient metaphor for the artistic and intellectual explosion that took place during the sass and sass. Discuss. By Tanya Monkish-Benefit Kerr The Harlem Renaissance remains one of the most momentous creative movements in American history, exceeding its original importance to one specific interest group and hence cannot be looked upon simply as a convenient metaphor. We will write a custom essay sample on The Harlem Renaissance is a convenient metaphor or any similar topic only for you Order Now This essay will show that in addition to the eruption of creativity, the Harlem Renaissance should be acknowledged for its significant contribution to changing the self-perception of the Negro in America in such a positive and significant way that eventually transformed the Harlem Renaissance into the Civil Rights Movement of the sass’s and changed the identity of America forever. The renaissance served to create a perception of distinctiveness among African Americans, at the same time, compelling white America to acknowledge the significance of an ethnic group far too long seen as inferior. The Harlem Renaissance may be defined as an eruption of creativity overflowing from the gifted minds of African-Americans between the sass and sass; though in truth, it was the center of focus for the ratification and plasticization of a marginalia populace as much as it was an artistic movement. Even though mostly considered an African-American literary movement, the Harlem Renaissance stretched far beyond books and poetry to embrace art, dance, and music. The creative minds of blacks behind the Harlem Renaissance used creative expression to make an important impact on all aspects of society, while at the same time providing African-Americans with their first sense of distinctiveness not defined by slavery. Embracing creative arts, individuals sought to re-conceptualize â€Å"the Negro’ apart from the white stereotypes that had influenced black peoples’ relationship to their culture and to one another. They also sought to break free of Victorian ethical values and conformist shame about aspects of their lives that might strengthen racist opinions by whites. Never controlled by a specific school of thought but rather characterized by powerful debates, this movement laid the foundation for all later African American literature and had a huge influence on succeeding black literature and consciousness internationally. While the Harlem Renaissance was certainly not restricted to New York City, Harlem enticed a significant concentration of intellect and talent; therefore, it served as the symbolic capital of cultural development. During the 20th century, approximately six million African-Americans escaped the remunerative hardships and harsh segregationist laws of the South and migrated northward to metropolises in an effort to obtain Jobs and economic stability as well as searching for a more racially open-minded society. Winter estimated that 175,000 of these African-Americans settled in New York City. To attach an unambiguous commencement to the Harlem Renaissance by singling out one precise text can only serve to spark debates since black authors had been published since the 19th century; however, the difference that makes the Harlem Renaissance effortlessly definable as a defining moment was the range of issues that black writers covered as its onset. The true origin of this Renaissance is not in any single work that sparked a revolution, but in the various and multiple congregations of mutual interests by those yearning to showcase the remarkable surge of creativeness via the publication of literary magazines and books. Crucial to the movement were Gaines such as the Crisis, published by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP); Opportunity, published by the National Urban League; and The Messenger, a socialist Journal eventually connected with the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, a black labor union. These groups attracted many Negro intellectuals who were particularly upset with the rise in violence against blacks in the United States; therefore, theses organization became the driving force for changing the status quo of the Negro. This mutual need to help one another was a primeval component in changing the movement from a purely literary dominant into one that incorporated all fine arts; it also played an important role in turning the Harlem Renaissance into a search for a new identity for an ethnic group previously defined by centuries of oppression. Although the artists created vivacious and lasting works of literature, art and music, the Harlem Renaissance quickly became Just as important for the way in which it gave African-Americans a real culture and a pride in acknowledging and embracing that culture. Prior to this era, the representations of African-Americans in American literature were that of the illiterate and inferior peasant who made his or her living in the dirt of the cotton fields. The intellects contributed to the importance of the Harlem Renaissance by understanding and contributing to its purpose in creating positive role models for the Negro everywhere. One of the most important traits of the Harlem Renaissance is that teamwork was considered a better way to help individual works rather than to compete. An intuitive sense that any single artistic effort was going to define all others created an effort by everyone involved to create a cultural tapestry that served not Just other artists, but audiences as well. In reality, this cultural movement essentially created the idea of the black intellectual for both Americans and Europeans. Furthermore, the creation of the â€Å"New Negro† in Harlem represented the liberation of the last relics of chattel slavery, those of low esteem and even uncertainty and self-revulsion. Appraisers, however, query whether the Renaissance actually accomplished its goals of creating a new identity for the Negro separated from the history of slavery. One of the denunciations is that by trying to create a distinct culture detached from the past cruelties and even the influence of Anglo- European customs it succeeded only in alienation. A more powerful denunciation is that the Harlem Renaissance duplicated only the specific identity of the middle class, intelligent elites of an ethnic group trying to sway its background and views on a population still dominated by lower-class and illiterate people. Yet, another criticism is that the very goal of forging an identity for an entire ethnic group and socially enlightening them was utterly impractical because the vast numbers of African Americans were mostly oblivious of it or knew it only as history. The foundation of all eroticism of the Harlem Renaissance is that it encloses an inevitable element of two- fixedness in that it tried to produce a distinct identity that was centered primarily on the conformist beliefs indoctrinated by its intellectual and artistic leaders from a white society and educational system. In fact, the central theme that can be concluded from all of the criticism is that it tried to accomplish little more than a black representation of the white middle class establishment. What is not up for argument is the actual value of the artistic contributions of the era. James Weldon Johnson is an iconic figure in the initiation of the Harlem Renaissance both as writer and editor. He had written the contentious Autobiography of an Ex-colored Man and had also edited the book of American Negro Poetry. This collection showcased quite a few of the Renaissances most artistic poets, including Longboats Hughes, a man who became legendary in the literary world, Hughes possessed a passion for music and functioned as a medium by showcasing the importance of traditional black folk music. Zorn Neal Hurst published a literary magazine that collapsed almost immediately because of funding issues, but was influential nevertheless. Hurst later achieved immortality with her book Their Eyes were Watching God. Literature was not the only art that defined the Harlem Renaissance. In fact, the music of the era may have been more significant in defining the uniqueness of the common Negro than the literary accomplishments. The music became a channel of communication, while providing inspiration to the literary achievements of writers and dramatists. Jazz surged into the arena of respectability and became symbolic as the essence of the urban way of life. The first Jazz performers were Bessie Smith, Duke Elongating, Charlie Parker and Billie Holiday. Added to this, Longboats Hughes specifically set out to bridge the gap between music and literature by adding the rhythms of Jazz into his poetry while Claude McKay used the ambiance of Jazz in his novel, Home to Harlem. Harlem Renaissance, therefore, epitomizes an attempt to combine artistic channels to construct an identity of artistic expression which is often views as the apex of human creation. It is from this view point that the Renaissance can be propelled to being much more than a metaphor which speaks to comparison, but ether this makes the Renaissance an exemplary worthy of imitation. The visual arts were also a vital component in stimulating the notion of a universality of individuality among blacks during the Harlem Renaissance. Aaron Douglas was head of the Department of Art at Fish University, where he exercised substantial influence over up and coming artists. He truly embraced the status of being the most important visual artist during the glory days of Harlem Renaissance, focusing on large murals that brought to the fore the accomplishments of African-Americans all through history. Douglas showed one of the undercurrents that drove the Harlem Renaissance, which was calling attention to value and contributions of blacks to the advancement of America. Implicit in that goal was the even greater goal of spurring future generations to even greater accomplishments and pride in their culture. Surely, the most long-lasting effect of the Harlem Renaissance may have been the one which entrenched upon the education of African Americans. The innovative endeavor of Negroes proved that stereotype of black inferiority was null and void. The enlightening legacy of the Harlem Renaissance was not simply one in which more lacks saw the significance of education but it was one which saw an intensification in the importance and availability of high education. After the renaissance, more African Americans than ever, enrolled in colleges and universities. However, it was not Just the pursuit of education that the movement inspired; it was the type of education that African Americans obtained. Since the socio-political actualities of racism divided America either indirectly or openly in nearly every work of literature produced during this period, the Harlem Renaissance is acknowledged for generating militancy borne by that pursuit of knowledge. Anytime a people, who is exposed to an education system at a level they have been deprived of, it is only expected that certain quarters to identify the radical aspects of the denial of that education. Hence, there was a beginning of consciousness among African Americans across America that agreements made had not been kept from Reconstruction through World War I. The Renaissance essentially had the effect of deepening the sense of unfair discrimination by displaying how it could be achieved through much more indirect methods than chattel slavery or the Jim Crow Laws. A significant amount of the intellects of the movement urged that discrimination of this type be challenged and overcome. It could only be through education that the real issues African Americans met in a racially divided world could be dealt with, and as such the literature and art of this period forced black audiences to become to embrace education so that they could understand what they were reading or looking at. During the period of the Harlem Renaissance, African-Americans for the first time had an honest reason to experience pride and rejoice in their identity. Out of Harlem came works of literary, casual and fine arts that spoke of the contribution of their race and forced white supremacist groups to accept their contributions. In that moment in time, the entire world looked at Harlem as the future of artistic expression. The artistic works were grasped by scholars as a meaner of showcasing the idea that African-Americans no longer needed to classify themselves with a history of suppression and subsidiaries. The Harlem Renaissance produced novelists, poets, artists and musicians who are today considered some of the finest that America ever produced, regardless of the lour of one’s skin. That, in fact, may be the ultimate achievement of the Harlem Renaissance. After the tremendous flood of artistic accomplishments that crossed every medium available, these Negro men and women and the works they created could no longer be treated with the grudging respect of great African-American art. Today the finest books, poems, music and artwork are universally recognized as simply great American art. Thus, in addition to the burst of creativity in the artistic and intellectual explosion, the Harlem Renaissance should be recognized for its nutrition to changing the self-image of the Negro; a rise in self-esteem that would eventually transform into the Civil Rights Movement of the sass and changed the identity of America forever. Indeed it was not a convenient metaphor but a celebration of African American heritage and cultural expression that continues to have positive effects on the social, intellectual and economic stature of African Americans and the Diaspora. Bibliography 1. Bio True Story, Aaron Douglas Biography. 2. Houston Koala, Harlem. 3. Huggins Nathan, Harlem Renaissance (New York: Oxford University Press, 1971) . Kramer Victor and Robert Russ, Harlem Renaissance Re-Examined (New York: Whitish Publishing Company, 1997) 5. Rhodes Henry, Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute. The Social Contribution of the Harlem Renaissance. 6. Achiest Duncan, Twelve Lives in Jazz. Http://www. Pit. Du/?defeater/Jazz/articles/ACHIEST. HTML 7. Sexton Timothy, The Harlem Renaissance: A Research Paper. 8. The Great Migration. Black History -History. Com. http://www. history. com/topics/black-history/great-migration 9. Thomas Terry, Afar-Cobra: A Black Revolutionary Arts Movement and Arts for People’s Sake. How to cite The Harlem Renaissance is a convenient metaphor, Papers

Mountfield Area Health Authority Problem Question Essay Example

Mountfield Area Health Authority Problem Question Essay Mountfield Area Health Authority Problem Question ( 2000 words ) Can the policies of Mountfield Area Health Authority be challenged? This first inquiry relates to the country of jurisprudence known as Judicial Review. This is a process that enables persons to dispute the determinations and actions of public executive organic structures. The nature and powers of MAHA need to be considered in order to measure whether its policies and determinations can be challenged by manner of judicial reappraisal. Using the standards set out in Parpworth ( 2003 ) for judicial reappraisal [ 1 ] : MAHA derives it powers from legislative act ( which has, by the way, been superceded by theNational Health Service Reform and Health Care Professions Act 2002, which replaces AHAs with Strategic Health Authorities ) . It performs apublic jurisprudencemap, as distinguished from aprivate jurisprudencemap, following the instance ofR V Disciplinary Committee of the Jocky Club, ex p Aga Khan( 1993 ) . This is because the AHA derives its powers from legislative act. The maps of AHAs ( and now, SHAs ) are to manage the local NHS on behalf of the Secretary of State’ , which includes developing programs for bettering wellness services in the local area’ and they are a cardinal nexus between the Department of Health and the NHS.’ [ 2 ] We will write a custom essay sample on Mountfield Area Health Authority Problem Question specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mountfield Area Health Authority Problem Question specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mountfield Area Health Authority Problem Question specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The policies of the MAHA can theoretically, hence, be challenged by judicial reappraisal. The evidences for challenge will now be considered: Health Watch will be deemed to holdvenue standito dispute the determinations of the MAHA. Following the Law Commission’s studyAdministrative Law: Judicial Review and Stautory Appeals( 1994 ) , this would be accorded due to the sufficient degree of public involvement in the affair being litigated. Following the instance ofAssociated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd 5 Wednesbury Corporation( 1948 ) , the policies of MAHA will likely be considered so unreasonable that no sensible authorization could of all time hold come to it.’ [ 3 ] The policies besides contravene theHuman Rights Act 1998which incorporates the European Convention on Human Rights into English jurisprudence. This adds to the illegality land for disputing the policies, given that the policies discriminate against members of a peculiar societal group ( that is, those over the age of 75 and tobacco users ) . This follows the logical thinking of the CA inIslam V Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex p Q( 1999 ) . Can John dispute the determination of Graham’s backdown of his trader’s license? This is besides a judicial reappraisal inquiry, because Graham is a member of the Mountfield Local Authority which is doubtless a public organic structure. Similar considerations to those outlined above hence apply. The evidences for disputing this determination include improper intent. The evidences for declining a trading license are set out in theLocal Government ( Miscellaneous Provisions ) Act 1982, agenda 4. One of these evidences is that by ground of some strong belief or otherwise he is unsuitable.’ It is possible so, that the annulment of John’s license would be lawful under this proviso. Was the Chief Constable trusting on good authorization in censoring the assembly at Mountfield Hospital? Under Article 11 of the ECHR, citizens enjoy a right of assembly and association. Furthermore, Judgess have sometimes talked of a right to protest’ , for illustration inHirst and Agu v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire( 1986 ) , the justice recognised the right of free address to protest on affairs of public concern and to show on the one manus and the demand for peace and good order on the other.’ [ 4 ] This is a right enjoyed merely in so far as it does non conflict any other jurisprudence, and the protest is done in a peace-loving mode. Here, given the planned size of the meeting, it is possible that the group would barricade a public main road. It is besides possible that the Chief Constable was right in his preventative actions in order to continue the peace. Sections 11-16 of thePublic Order Act 1986provide for the control of assemblies. John has complied with s11 of the Act in giving the Chief Constable advanced warning of the meeting every bit long as it is given at least 6 yearss before the presentation. This is non, nevertheless, a petition for permission, as the constabulary do non hold the power to let some assemblies and non others. [ 5 ] The Chief Constable is within his right to enforce conditions on the assembly, if he reasonably believes it may ensue in public upset, harm to belongings, break to the life of the community, or in the bullying of others. [ 6 ] Under s14A, 14B and 14C of the Act, inserted by theCondemnable Justice and Public Order Act 1994, the constabulary are empowered to forbid trespassory assemblies, of which this is one. [ 7 ] Given that the Chief Constable has acted within his powers in using for a limitation order for the assembly under this statute law, John has committed an offense by transporting on with the assembly at the infirmary. Were the apprehensions affected by the constabulary lawful and are the charges warranted? In regard of the 20 demonstrators, because the country on which they were showing was capable to a s14A order, it would look that they are perpetrating an offense. A trespassory assembly involves more than 20 individuals on the land to which the individuals have merely limited rights of entree. As there are merely 20 ( and non more than 20’ ) , the protestors may hold evidences for entreaty following the instance ofDPP V Jones( 1999 ) . Here, the House of Lords held that public had the right to utilize the public main road for sensible activities such as peaceable protest, provided they did non interrupt the public’s primary right of transition. In this case, so, it will depend on whether the protestors were doing an obstructor with their protests. The apprehension of Imran and Shabeena is based on a prospective breach of the peace. This is defined slackly inR V Howell( 1982 ) as being where there is a sensible apprehensiveness of a breach of the peace. This occurs where injury is really done, threatened to be done, whether to a individual or his belongings. Whether the police’s apprehensiveness was sensible depends upon the fortunes. In this instance, it does non look that the addresss showed any mark of doing a breach of the peace, unless Imran and Shabeena’s behavior was provocative, followingMcLeod V Metropolitan Police Comr( 1994 ) . Finally, inFoulkes V Chief Constable of the Merseyside Police( 1998 ) , the tribunal held that there must †¦ be a sufficiently existent and present menace to the peace to warrant the utmost measure of striping of his autonomy a citizen who is non at the clip moving unlawfully.’ [ 8 ] Since there was no evident menace to the peace here, the apprehension of Imran and Shabeena was improper. Richard’s apprehension, nevertheless, will be lawful, as it is a consequence of his threatening and intimidating behavior towards James. Section 2 of thePublic Order Act 1986makes violent perturb an offense, provided that the individual intends their behavior to be endangering or violent. The constabulary are within their right of exerting a power of apprehension granted under subdivision 24 of thePolice and Criminal Evidence Act 1984. Richard has besides committed the arrestable offense of assault. Farook and Natalie have a right to freedom of look. Under s1 of theIndecent Displays ( Control ) Act 1981, nevertheless, it is an offense to expose indecorous affair. It will be for the tribunal to make up ones mind whether the sculpture is indecorous or non. Following the instance ofR V South Western Magistrates’ Court, ex p Heslop( 1994 ) , there is a differentiation between something being in highly bad gustatory sensation, and something being indecorous. Given the impact of the show on the passerby, it is likely that this will be seen to be indecorous, and the apprehension of Farook and Nathalie will hence be lawful. The legality of the apprehensions, so, is determined by whether the constabulary are exerting a power determined from lawful authorization. Such an authorization would be a warrant for apprehension, under subdivision 1 of theMagistrates’ Courts Act 1980. No warrant exists in the present case, nevertheless, so another authorization must be looked for. This might come from s24 of PACE 1984, in the instances where the suspects have committed arrestable offenses for which the sentence is fixed by jurisprudence. Under s24 ( 7 ) , the constabulary may collar without warrant a individual about to perpetrate an arrestable offense, anyone who it is moderately expected is about to perpetrate such an offense. Imran and Shabeena, so, were arrested unlawfully. Were the rights of the individuals arrested in detention observed? Refer to Hannibal and Mountford ( 2005 ) ,Condemnable Litigation, chapters 7 and 8. The arrestees are put in cells for 18 hours before they are eventually charged with offenses under thePublic Order Act. This detainment without charge is allowable under s37 ( 2 ) of PACE, where the detention officer has sensible evidences for believing that the suspects’ detainment without charge is necessary to procure or continue grounds associating to the offense for which they are under apprehension, or to obtain such grounds by oppugning them. Here, surely the latter ground is non applicable as they have non been questioned. Under s41 of PACE, the constabulary are entitled to keep the suspects for up to 24 hours without charge, which runs from the clip of their reaching at the constabulary station. They have non, hence, infringed this by confining the suspects for merely 18 hours. The rights of the suspects at the station are listed under the Codes of Practice attach toing PACE, and specifically under Code C. The detention officer should hold informed the arrestees of the undermentioned rights upon their reaching at the station: The right to hold person informed of their apprehension The right to confer with in private with a canvasser, such advice being free and independent The right to confer with the Codes of Practice The detention officer should besides hold undertaken a hazard appraisal on the specific demands of each detainee. [ 9 ] As portion of this, he should hold asked each detainee if he or she wanted: Legal advice To inform anyone of his apprehension Medical intervention Requires an translator. The detainees’ rights in detention have non, hence, been observed in the present case, although they are all within the clip bound of being held without charge. Bibliography Legislative acts Condemnable Justice and Public Order Act 1994 European Convention on Human Rights Human Rights Act 1998 Indecent Displays ( Control ) Act 1981 Local Government ( Miscellaneous Provisions ) Act 1982 Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 National Health Service Reform and Health Care Professions Act 2002 Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 and Codes of Practice Public Order Act 1986 Cases Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd 5 Wednesbury Corporation [ 1948 ] 1 KB 223 DPP V Jones [ 1999 ] 2 AC 240 Foulkes V Chief Constable of the Merseyside Police [ 1998 ] 3 All ER 705 Hirst and Agu v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire ( 1986 ) 85 Cr App Rep 143 Islam V Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex p Q [ 1999 ] 2 WLR 1015 McLeod V Metropolitan Police Comr [ 1994 ] 4 All ER 553 R V Disciplinary Committee of the Jocky Club, ex p Aga Khan [ 1993 ] 2 All ER 853 R V Howell [ 1982 ] QB 416 R V South Western Magistrates’ Court, ex p Heslop ( unreported ) Secondary beginnings Hannibal, M. and Mountford, L ( 2005 )Condemnable Litigation( Oxford: OUP ) Law Commission ( 1994 )Administrative Law: Judicial Review and Statutory Appeals( Law Comm 226, HC 669 ) Leyland, P. and Woods, T. ( 2003 )Textbook on Administrative Law, 4ThursdayEdition ( Oxford: OUP ) Parpworth, N. ( 2004 )Constitutional and Administrative Law, 3rdEdition ( London: LexisNexis ) NHS Stategic Health Authorities web site, at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/England/AuthoritiesTrusts/Sha/Default.aspx Rock, R. ( 2006 )Civil Liberties and Human Rights, 6ThursdayEdition ( Oxford: OUP )